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\bf Two statements by Lincoln

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Address delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg.

November 19, 1863.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicateâ€”we can not consecrateâ€”we can not hallowâ€”this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usâ€”that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionâ€”that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vainâ€”that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomâ€”and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

â€”Abraham Lincoln

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Executive Mansion,

Washington, Nov. 21, 1864.

Dear Madam,

I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant General of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle.

I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save.

I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of Freedom.

Yours, very sincerely and respectfully,

A. Lincoln.

Mrs. [Lydia Parker] Bixby.

[Boston, MA]

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\bf Some sound advice from Marcus Aurelius's \emph{Ï„á½° Ï€Ïá½¹Ï‚ ÏƒÎµÎ±Ï…Ï„á½¹Î½}.

\rg
á½ Ï„Î¯ Ï€Î¿Ï„Îµ Ï„Î¿á¿¦Ï„ÏŒ Îµá¼°Î¼Î¹, ÏƒÎ±ÏÎºÎ¯Î± á¼ÏƒÏ„á½¶ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ï€Î½ÎµÏ…Î¼Î¬Ï„Î¹Î¿Î½ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ï„á½¸ á¼¡Î³ÎµÎ¼Î¿Î½Î¹ÎºÏŒÎ½. Ï„á¿¶Î½ Î¼á½²Î½ ÏƒÎ±ÏÎºÎ¯Ï‰Î½ ÎºÎ±Ï„Î±Ï†ÏÏŒÎ½Î·ÏƒÎ¿Î½Ë™ Î»ÏÎ¸ÏÎ¿Ï‚ ÎºÎ±á½¶ á½€ÏƒÏ„Î¬ÏÎ¹Î± ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎºÏÎ¿ÎºÏÏ†Î±Î½Ï„Î¿Ï‚, á¼Îº Î½ÎµÏÏÏ‰Î½, Ï†Î»ÎµÎ²Î¯Ï‰Î½, á¼€ÏÏ„Î·ÏÎ¹á¿¶Î½ Ï€Î»ÎµÎ³Î¼Î¬Ï„Î¹Î¿Î½. Î¸Î­Î±ÏƒÎ±Î¹ Î´á½² ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ï„á½¸ Ï€Î½Îµá¿¦Î¼Î± á½Ï€Î¿á¿–ÏŒÎ½ Ï„Î¯ á¼ÏƒÏ„Î¹Î½Ë™ á¼„Î½ÎµÎ¼Î¿Ï‚, Î¿á½Î´á½² á¼€Îµá½¶ Ï„á½¸ Î±á½Ï„ÏŒ, á¼€Î»Î»á½° Ï€Î¬ÏƒÎ·Ï‚ á½¥ÏÎ±Ï‚ á¼Î¾ÎµÎ¼Î¿ÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Î½ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ï€Î¬Î»Î¹Î½ á¿¥Î¿Ï†Î¿ÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Î½. Ï„ÏÎ¯Ï„Î¿Î½ Î¿á½–Î½ á¼ÏƒÏ„Î¹ Ï„á½¸ á¼¡Î³ÎµÎ¼Î¿Î½Î¹ÎºÏŒÎ½. \emph{á¼„Ï†ÎµÏ‚ Ï„á½° Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Î±}Ë™ Î¼Î·ÎºÎ­Ï„Î¹ ÏƒÏ€á¿¶Ë™ Î¿á½ Î´Î­Î´Î¿Ï„Î±Î¹. á¼€Î»Î» á½¡Ï‚ á¼¤Î´Î· á¼€Ï€Î¿Î¸Î½á¿„ÏƒÎºÏ‰Î½ á½§Î´Îµ á¼Ï€Î¹Î½Î¿Î®Î¸Î·Ï„Î¹Ë™ Î³Î­ÏÏ‰Î½ Îµá¼¶Ë™ Î¼Î·ÎºÎ­Ï„Î¹ Ï„Î¿á¿¦Ï„Î¿ á¼Î¬Ïƒá¿ƒÏ‚ Î´Î¿Ï…Î»Îµá¿¦ÏƒÎ±Î¹, Î¼Î·ÎºÎ­Ï„Î¹ ÎºÎ±Î¸ á½ÏÎ¼á½´Î½ á¼€ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏŽÎ½Î·Ï„Î¿Î½ Î½ÎµÏ…ÏÎ¿ÏƒÏ€Î±ÏƒÏ„Î·Î¸á¿†Î½Î±Î¹, Î¼Î·ÎºÎ­Ï„Î¹ Ï„á½¸ Îµá¼±Î¼Î±ÏÎ¼Î­Î½Î¿Î½ á¼¢ Ï€Î±Ïá½¸Î½ Î´Ï…ÏƒÏ‡ÎµÏá¾¶Î½Î±Î¹ á¼¢ Î¼Î­Î»Î»Î¿Î½ á½‘Ï€Î¹Î´Î­ÏƒÎ¸Î±Î¹.

Î¤á½° Ï„á¿¶Î½ Î¸Îµá¿¶Î½ Ï€ÏÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¯Î±Ï‚ Î¼ÎµÏƒÏ„Î¬. Ï„á½° Ï„á¿†Ï‚ Ï„ÏÏ‡Î·Ï‚ Î¿á½Îº á¼„Î½ÎµÏ… Ï†ÏÏƒÎµÏ‰Ï‚ á¼¢ ÏƒÏ…Î³ÎºÎ»ÏŽÏƒÎµÏ‰Ï‚ ÎºÎ±á½¶ á¼Ï€Î¹Ï€Î»Î¿Îºá¿†Ï‚ Ï„á¿¶Î½ Ï€ÏÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¯á¾³ Î´Î¹Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï…Î¼Î­Î½Ï‰Î½. Ï€Î¬Î½Ï„Î± á¼ÎºÎµá¿–Î¸ÎµÎ½ á¿¥Îµá¿–Ë™ Ï€ÏÏŒÏƒÎµÏƒÏ„Î¹ Î´á½² Ï„á½¸ á¼€Î½Î±Î³ÎºÎ±á¿–Î¿Î½ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ï„á½¸ Ï„á¿· á½…Î»á¿³ ÎºÏŒÏƒÎ¼á¿³ ÏƒÏ…Î¼Ï†Î­ÏÎ¿Î½, Î¿Ç· Î¼Î­ÏÎ¿Ï‚ Îµá¼¶. Ï€Î±Î½Ï„á½¶ Î´á½² Ï†ÏÏƒÎµÏ‰Ï‚ Î¼Î­ÏÎµÎ¹ á¼€Î³Î±Î¸ÏŒÎ½, á½ƒ Ï†Î­ÏÎµÎ¹ á¼¡ Ï„Î¿á¿¦ á½…Î»Î¿Ï… Ï†ÏÏƒÎ¹Ï‚ ÎºÎ±á½¶ á½ƒ á¼ÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î·Ï‚ á¼ÏƒÏ„á½¶ ÏƒÏ‰ÏƒÏ„Î¹ÎºÏŒÎ½. Ïƒá¿´Î¶Î¿Ï…ÏƒÎ¹ Î´á½² ÎºÏŒÏƒÎ¼Î¿Î½, á½¥ÏƒÏ€ÎµÏ Î±á¼± Ï„á¿¶Î½ ÏƒÏ„Î¿Î¹Ï‡ÎµÎ¯Ï‰Î½, Î¿á½•Ï„Ï‰Ï‚ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Î±á¼± Ï„á¿¶Î½ ÏƒÏ…Î³ÎºÏÎ¹Î¼Î¬Ï„Ï‰Î½ Î¼ÎµÏ„Î±Î²Î¿Î»Î±Î¯. \emph{Ï„Î±á¿¦Ï„Î¬ ÏƒÎ¿Î¹ á¼€ÏÎºÎµÎ¯Ï„Ï‰Ë™ á¼€Îµá½¶ Î´ÏŒÎ³Î¼Î±Ï„Î± á¼”ÏƒÏ„Ï‰. Ï„á½´Î½ Î´á½² Ï„á¿¶Î½ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Ï‰Î½ Î´Î¯ÏˆÎ±Î½ á¿¥á¿–ÏˆÎ¿Î½, á¼µÎ½Î± Î¼á½´ Î³Î¿Î³Î³ÏÎ¶Ï‰Î½ á¼€Ï€Î¿Î¸Î¬Î½á¿ƒÏ‚, á¼€Î»Î»á½° á¼µÎ»ÎµÏ‰Ï‚ á¼€Î»Î·Î¸á¿¶Ï‚ ÎºÎ±á½¶ á¼€Ï€á½¸ ÎºÎ±ÏÎ´Î¯Î±Ï‚ Îµá½Ï‡Î¬ÏÎ¹ÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï‚ Ï„Î¿á¿–Ï‚ Î¸ÎµÎ¿á¿–Ï‚}.

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\it In case that was all Greek to you, then rather read: 

\rm

ÐšÐ¸Ð¾ Ð°Ð¹Ð½ Ð¼Ð¸ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ðµ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ, Ð¼Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð´Ðµ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ð½Ð¾, Ð»Ð° ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð»Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾. \emph{Ð¤Ð¾Ñ€ÄµÐµÑ‚Ñƒ Ð²Ð¸Ð°Ð¹Ð½ Ð»Ð¸Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð¹Ð½}. ÐÐµ ÐµÑÑ‚Ñƒ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ñ‚Ð° - Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¾ Ð½Ðµ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ñ‚Ð°; ÑÐµÐ´ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð·Ð°Å­ Ð²Ð¸ ÑÐ¼ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°Ñ, Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñƒ Ð»Ð° ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ð½Ð¾Ð½. ÄœÐ¸ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¾ ÐºÑ€Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ°Ð½Ð³Ð¾, Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ñ€ÐµÑ‚Ð¾ Ð´Ðµ Ð½ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð¾Ð¹, Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð²ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¹. ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð¿ÐµÐ½ÑÑƒ Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°Å­ Ð»Ð° ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð½. ÐšÐ¸Ð° Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð¾ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ ÄÐ¸? ÐÐµÑ€Ð¾, ÐºÐ¸Ñƒ Ð½Ðµ Ä‰Ð¸Ð°Ð¼ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð° ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð°, ÑÐµÐ´ Ð´ÑƒÐ¼ ÑƒÐ½Ñƒ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¾ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚Ð° ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð°Ñ‚Ð°. Ð”Ð¾ Ð»Ð° Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¸Ð°Ð½ Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð³Ñƒ, Ð»Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð½. ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ñƒ, ÐºÐµ Ð²Ð¸ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð´ÑƒÐ»Ð¾. Ð•ÐºÐ´Ðµ Ð½ÑƒÐ½ Ð²Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐº Ð°Ð»Ð»Ð°ÑÑƒ, ÐºÐµ Ð²Ð¸Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ Ñ„Ð°Ñ€Ð¸ÄÐ°Ñ ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð½, Ð½ÐµÐº Ð°Ð»Ð»Ð°ÑÑƒ, ÐºÐµ Ð²Ð¸ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ñ‚Ð¸ÄÐ°Ñ Ð´Ðµ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Å­ÑÐ¾Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð¹ Ð°Ñ‚Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹, Ð½ÐµÐº ÑÑƒÑ„ÐµÑ€Ñƒ Ð´Ðµ Ð²Ð¸Ð° Ñ†Ð¸Ñ€Ñ†ÑƒÐ¼ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð½Ñ†Ð°Ñ€Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÐº Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¼Ñƒ Ð»Ð° ÐµÑÑ‚Ð¾Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ†Ð¾Ð½.

ÐšÐ¸Ð¾ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ðµ Ð»Ð° Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð¹, Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ†Ð¾. ÐšÐ¸Ð¾ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ðµ ÅÐ°Ð½Ñ†Ð¾ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð¾ Ð´Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð¸Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ñ‚ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ ÐºÑƒÐ½ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¾Ð¹, ÐºÐ¸Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ðµ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ†Ð¾. Ð”Ðµ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ†Ð¾ Ñ„Ð»ÑƒÐ°Ñ Ä‰Ð¸Ð¾Ð¹. ÄˆÐ¸Ð¾Ð¹ ÐµÐºÐ·Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾ ÑƒÑ‚Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¾, ÐºÐµ ÄÐ¸ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ¹ Ð±Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€ Ð»Ð° ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾, Ð´Ðµ ÐºÐ¸Ñƒ Ð²Ð¸ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð¾. ÐšÐ¸Ð¾ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€ Ð»Ð° Ñ‚ÑƒÑ‚Ð° ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾, ÐºÐ°Ð¹ ÐºÐ¸Ð¾ ÑÑƒÐ±Ñ‚ÐµÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð° Ð½Ð°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ð¾Ð½ Ð´Ðµ Ð»Ð° ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾, Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ°Å­ ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€ Ð¿Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð¾ Ð´Ðµ Ð»Ð° ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€ÑÐ¾. \emph{Ð•ÑÑ‚Ñƒ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð° ÐºÑƒÐ½ Ñ‚Ð¸ÑƒÐ¹ Ð¼Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹. Ð¡ÐµÐ´ Ä‰ÐµÑÑƒ ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ„Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€ Ð»Ð¸Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€ ÐºÐµ Ð²Ð¸ Ð°Ð»Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñƒ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ð¾Ð½ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼ÑƒÑ€Ð¼ÑƒÑ€Ð°Ð½Ñ‚Ðµ ÑÐµÐ´ Ð²ÐµÑ€Ðµ, Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ²Ð¸Ð»Ðµ ÐºÐ°Ð¹ Ð´Ð°Ð½ÐºÐµÐ¼Ðµ Ð°Ð» Ð»Ð° Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð¹ ÐµÐ» Ð²Ð¸Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾}.

\bye 

Kio ajn mi finfine estas, mi konsistas de karno, la spiro kaj la animo. \emph{ForÄµetu viajn librojn}. Ne estu distrata - tio ne estas permesata; sed kvazaÅ­ vi jam mortas, abomenu la karnon. Äœi estas nenio krom sango, ostetoj kaj reto de nervoj, arterioj kaj vejnoj. Pripensu ankaÅ­ la spiron. Kia materio estas Äi? Aero, kiu ne Ä‰iam estas la sama, sed dum unu momento estas vomata kaj inspirata. Do la trian atentigu, la animon. Komprenu, ke vi estas oldulo. Ekde nun vi nek allasu, ke via animo fariÄas slavon, nek allasu, ke vi kaptiÄas de kontraÅ­sociaj atakoj, nek suferu de via circumstancaro nek timu la estontecon.

Kio devenas de la dioj, plenas je providenco. Kio devenas de Åanco estas parto de naturo kaj interteksatas kun tioj, kioj devenas de providenco. De providenco fluas Ä‰ioj. Äˆioj ekzistas pro utilo kaj pro tio, ke Äi estas plej bona por la universo, de kiu vi estas parto. Kio estas bona por la tuta universo, kaj kio subtenas la naturon de la universo, ankaÅ­ estas bona por parto de la universo. \emph{Estu kontenta kun tiuj maksimoj. Sed Ä‰esu soifi por libroj por ke vi alvenu morton ne murmurante sed vere, trankvile kaj dankeme al la dioj el via animo}.

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